Study compares traits of autism, schizophrenia

ScienceDaily (Feb. 28, 2012) ? A UT Dallas professor is studying the differences between the social impairments found in autism and schizophrenia to help develop better treatments for people with both disorders.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia are distinct disorders with unique characteristics, but they share similarities in social dysfunction. For many years, this similarity resulted in confusion in diagnosis. Many young people with ASD were thought to have a childhood version of schizophrenia, said Dr. Noah Sasson, assistant professor in the UT Dallas School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

Sasson points out that clear differences exist between people diagnosed with schizophrenia and ASD. Symptoms of ASD can be seen from very early in life, while the onset of schizophrenia typically occurs in young adulthood. And individuals who have schizophrenia often experience hallucinations and delusional thoughts, which are far less common in individuals with ASD.

An overlapping problem for both clinical groups is a difficulty with social interaction. Both groups are known to be poor at recognizing social cues. They often have difficulty identifying emotion in other people, so their reactions may seem inappropriate. By not picking up on the subtle cues in interactions, adults with ASD or schizophrenia may alienate other people and have trouble making friends or getting along with classmates or co-workers.

Along with collaborators at Southern Methodist University, Sasson is conducting new research at the UT Dallas Callier Center for Communication Disorders that compares the basis for social interaction impairments between adults with ASD and adults with schizophrenia. He is attempting to understand the mechanisms that underlie their social limitations.

"Because the two disorders are different in so many ways, it is likely that the basis for their social impairments differs as well," he said. "Understanding these differences will be key for developing effective treatments. What works well for individuals with ASD might be very different than those with schizophrenia."

In previous research, Sasson and his colleagues used eye-tracking technology and found that neither adults with ASD nor adults with schizophrenia look at social information in the same way as those without either disorder. His colleagues also found that parts of the brain that process social information are underactive in those with ASD and schizophrenia. But the researchers have also found differences. Individuals with ASD do not spontaneously orient to emotional information, while individuals with schizophrenia do. While both groups show aspects of paranoia in social situations, Sasson and his colleagues are discovering that the root cause of the paranoia is different for each disorder.

"People with schizophrenia have a much higher likelihood than the general population to attribute ill will to others, and this is likely tied to their delusions," he said. "On the other hand, people with autism are more 'socially cynical.' They seem to be exhibiting fairly realistic responses to people as a result of the challenges they've faced in life because of their condition."

By differentiating between schizophrenia and autism, and by examining how patients react in social settings, Sasson said he hopes researchers can develop new ways to counteract the negative social experiences of patients. This could result in a profound improvement in their ability to navigate life successfully.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Texas at Dallas.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120228114312.htm

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'Universal' vaccines could finally allow for wide-scale flu prevention

ScienceDaily (Feb. 27, 2012) ? An emerging class of long-lasting flu vaccines could do more than just save people the trouble of an annual flu shot.

Princeton University-based researchers have found that the "universal" vaccine could for the first time allow for the effective, wide-scale prevention of flu by limiting the influenza virus' ability to spread and mutate. Universal, or cross-protective, vaccines -- so named for their effectiveness against several flu strains -- are being developed in various labs worldwide and some are already in clinical trials.

The researchers recently reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that the new vaccines would make a bout with influenza less severe, making it more difficult for the virus to spread. At the same time, the vaccines would target relatively unchanging parts of the virus and hamper the virus' notorious ability to evolve and evade immunity; current flu vaccines target the pathogen's most adaptable components.

A computational model the team developed showed that these factors could achieve unprecedented control of the flu virus both seasonally and during outbreaks of highly contagious new strains. Cross-protective vaccines could even improve the effectiveness of current vaccines, which are designed to only fight specific flu strains, the researchers report.

Controlling the flu, which is now like "chasing a moving target," could advance from the current reaction stage to that of real population-wide prevention, said lead author Nimalan Arinaminpathy, a postdoctoral research associate in Princeton's Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.

"Because the flu quickly evolves to escape host immunity, current vaccines tend to be prioritized for inoculating specific high-risk groups such as asthma sufferers and the elderly every year," Arinaminpathy said.

"So, at the moment, vaccine programs focus on clinical protection for those receiving the vaccine, but we hope to eventually graduate to being able to control the virus' spread and even its evolution," he said. "Our model provides a strong conceptual basis as to how and why the 'universal' vaccines would achieve that."

Arinaminpathy, who works in the lab of co-author Bryan Grenfell, Princeton's Kathryn Briger and Sarah Fenton Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Public Affairs, also worked with second author Oliver Ratmann, a postdoctoral associate at Duke University; Katia Koelle, a biology professor at Duke; Suzanne Epstein and Graeme Price of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration; and research scientist Cecile Viboud and physician Mark Miller, both of the National Institutes of Health's Fogarty International Center.

The research presents a realistic and important assessment of how the universal vaccines' ability to work against a breadth of flu strains can be wielded to benefit public health, said James Lloyd-Smith, an assistant professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of California-Los Angeles. Lloyd-Smith had no role in the study, but is familiar with it.

"This is the first study that looks at the population consequences of the next generation of vaccines, both in terms of epidemiological impact and evolutionary impact on the virus," Lloyd-Smith said. "They combined the latest information out of these vaccine trials, and the very latest and best models of influenza virus evolution and epidemiology. They put those together and asked important and relevant questions about how this new vaccine would actually play out.

"They give very clear insights about what the impact of these vaccines would be," he said. "In doing so, this work provides incentive for the vaccine manufacturers to continue this research and development, and it provides some guidance for public health authorities to think about using these new vaccines once they become available."

Arinaminpathy and his colleagues developed their model using an archetype of the universal vaccine. In recent years, outbreaks of potent flu strains -- such as avian flu in 2003 -- and advances in biotechnology have spurred research teams at pharmaceutical companies and government organizations such as the National Institutes of Health to work on cross-protective vaccines, Arinaminpathy said. Projections for a publicly available vaccine range from one to five years.

Current flu vaccines are produced to counter the influenza strains that the World Health Organization predicts will dominate a particular flu season. Inoculation typically focuses on protecting people who are vulnerable to the virus. However, this approach does not provide long-term or widespread immunity, Arinaminpathy said. The flu virus is always evolving, and so vaccines need to be updated each year.

The reason is that these vaccines zero in on hemagglutinin (HA), proteins protruding from the virus' surface that allow it to attach to and invade host cells. Small mutations in these highly adaptive appendages can create new versions of the virus that often are invulnerable to the vaccine designed for their former selves, a tactic known as "immune escape."

Universal vaccines instead bypass the protruding HA surface to target more constant proteins with less evolutionary flair, Arinaminpathy said. Because HAs are still active, the virus may still infect people, but it cannot wreak the same havoc.

The various universal vaccines being developed target different viral components, but they all have the potential to slow viral transmission across many flu variants, Arinaminpathy said. The researchers used that overarching feature in their model vaccine. The researchers then simulated the effectiveness of their basic universal vaccine in two types of flu outbreak: pandemic and epidemic.

A flu pandemic -- the sudden and rapid spread of a new, highly contagious strain -- is difficult to predict and typically impossible to control through vaccination alone, Arinaminpathy said. But universal vaccines act on virus targets that are relatively constant across all types of flu, even pandemic flu. The researchers found that the vaccines could be deployed on a large scale to avert a pandemic altogether, even if only a proportion of the population received vaccination. The vaccine would raise "herd immunity," wherein even unvaccinated individuals are protected because many people around them are immune.

Next, the researchers explored how cross-protective vaccines could combat those strains that cause flu epidemics every winter. To test how the vaccine would affect the flu virus, the researchers ran their model according to the two prevailing theories of flu evolution, including a theory a team led by Koelle reported in the journal Science in 2006.

In both cases, mass immunization with universal vaccines, maintained over several years, would slow viral evolution, or immune escape. Significantly, the researchers found that universal vaccines need not be fully protective to control flu, Arinaminpathy said. To account for any potential differences universal vaccines might have in the level of flu immunity they provide, Arinaminpathy and his colleagues assumed their hypothetical vaccine would not prevent infection, but only reduce the severity of symptoms such as coughing and sneezing, which would bring down the chances of transmitting the virus.

The researchers' simulation showed that overall this led to fewer people becoming infected and, thus, fewer people gaining immunity to the dominant flu strain. That would remove the advantage that any new strains might have, Arinaminpathy said. At the same time, lower rates of infection would mean that fewer people could harbor mutant viruses in the first place because they never caught the original strain.

"We found that by putting the brakes on flu transmission, you could also put the brakes on flu evolution," Arinaminpathy said. "Our model illustrates how we can control the flu this way, instead of simply reacting to it every few years.

"You can close schools and administer our current crop of vaccines and antiviral drugs as much as you want, but never realistically enough to stop transmission over any extended period of time," he said. "With the cross-protective vaccines, we may be able to finally throw a blanket on the transmission of all flu strains over the long term in a way that can impact the virus' evolution."

That said, the researchers indicate that cross-protective vaccines could buttress existing vaccines that provide strain-specific immunity by keeping viral evolution in those strains to a minimum. If so, the result would be that the universal vaccine would expand the existing arsenal of flu control rather than replace it, said Lloyd-Smith of UCLA,

"Flu control has been dogged by this problem that the virus just keeps evolving. It stays one step ahead of the traditional means of controlling it. So, with strain-specific vaccines, you're always chasing last year's virus," Lloyd-Smith said.

"By using the two vaccines in conjunction, we could get more mileage out of the strain-specific vaccines before they have to be changed," he said. "That gives us an edge in the ongoing evolutionary arms race that we're engaged in with influenza. Universal vaccines won't get rid of the flu completely, but they should take our control efforts to the next level."

The study was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Princeton University. The original article was written by Morgan Kelly.

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Journal Reference:

1. N. Arinaminpathy, O. Ratmann, K. Koelle, S. L. Epstein, G. E. Price, C. Viboud, M. A. Miller, B. T. Grenfell. Impact of cross-protective vaccines on epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of influenza. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012; 109 (8): 3173 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1113342109

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/opBoduFrnSA/120227111536.htm

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The value of Credit Card Financial debt Counseling ? 69 TA

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Source: http://69ta.com/2012/02/the-value-of-credit-card-financial-debt-counseling/

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Myrtle Beach real estate home foreclosures ? Article Directory Site

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Do you want to save hundreds and hundreds of dollars on Myrtle Beachfront real estate foreclosures? Have you any idea where to find these great deals? Please take note that you are at the right place. You can take a look at ...

Source: http://list-of-directory.com/computers/myrtle-beach-real-estate-home-foreclosures/

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A-Rod's offer to Jeremy Lin: Need a new roomie?

New York Yankees' Alex Rodriguez gestures as he talks with a reporter during practice at baseball spring training, Saturday, Feb. 25, 2012, in Tampa, Fla. (AP Photo/Matt Slocum)

New York Yankees' Alex Rodriguez gestures as he talks with a reporter during practice at baseball spring training, Saturday, Feb. 25, 2012, in Tampa, Fla. (AP Photo/Matt Slocum)

New York Yankees' Alex Rodriguez laughs as he talks with a reporter during practice at baseball spring training, Saturday, Feb. 25, 2012, in Tampa, Fla. (AP Photo/Matt Slocum)

New York Yankees' Alex Rodriguez sits in the dugout during practice at baseball spring training, Saturday, Feb. 25, 2012, in Tampa, Fla. (AP Photo/Matt Slocum)

New York Yankees' Alex Rodriguez, tosses seeds into his mouth during practice at baseball spring training, Saturday, Feb. 25, 2012, in Tampa, Fla. (AP Photo/Matt Slocum)

New York Yankees' Alex Rodriguez fields a grounder during practice at baseball spring training, Saturday, Feb. 25, 2012, in Tampa, Fla. (AP Photo/Matt Slocum)

TAMPA, Fla. (AP) ? Alex Rodriguez has an interesting offer for Jeremy Lin: Need a new roommate?

"If he's still looking for a place to crash, maybe he can crash at my apartment," the New York Yankees star said. "Imagine the tabloids then."

A day after arriving at spring training, Rodriguez said Saturday he feels healthy and gave a lot of credit to a special treatment suggested by another NBA star, Kobe Bryant.

But it didn't take long before A-Rod, like almost everyone else these days, was talking about the sudden success of Lin, the New York Knicks point guard who spent the night before his breakout game sleeping on teammate Landry Fields' couch ? only because his brother's place, where Lin had been staying, was unavailable.

Of course, now that his contract is guaranteed for the rest of the season, Lin has found his own apartment.

"Linsanity. Wow. What a run," Rodriguez said. "You look at the Giants, you look at Linsanity and there's been so many great things happening in New York. We kind of feel like we want to jump in the party.

"The great thing about Linsanity is that, it kind of reminds you of how fun the game should be," he added. "For some of us that have been playing for a long time, it's just the one second you take the game for granted, it makes you realize how much fun the game is."

Rodriguez had knee surgery last July and his power numbers dropped off in the second half and postseason.

The 36-year-old third baseman had plasma-rich platelet injections in his right knee and ailing left shoulder in December. The treatments were done in Germany following a recommendation by Bryant.

Rodriguez said Bryant was adamant about how much the procedure had helped him. Bryant said the pain was so bad for him that he almost thought about retirement.

"That's how much pain he was under, and said after he went to Germany that he felt like a 27-year-old again," Rodriguez said. "Now the thing is, if I can play as well as Kobe, we're in business."

A-Rod played in just 99 games last season and hit 16 home runs. He has 629 career homers.

"My knee does feel a lot better," Rodriguez said. "Basically it was five injections right into your knee on five consecutive days. After the third day it felt pretty darn good. Kobe said, 'Look, your third or fourth day you actually will start feeling a lot better,' and he was exactly right."

The Yankees gave their permission after vetting the process, saying the therapy is in "complete compliance" with WADA and Major League Baseball regulations.

"We're in a no-excuses business," Rodriguez said. "Last year, for me, was a disappointing year. I don't think there's one guy that at the end of the year, September, October, November, that's going to say he's 100 percent. I just didn't get it done."

Rodriguez, who had surgery on his right hip in March 2009, was also examined by specialist Dr. Marc Philippon during the offseason.

"He's very happy with the range of motion and how it looks," Rodriguez said.

Rodriguez declined to address Thursday's announcement that National League MVP Ryan Braun's 50-game suspension was overturned by baseball arbitrator Shyam Das, the first time a baseball player successfully challenged a drug-related penalty in a grievance.

"I don't know any of the details or facts," Rodriguez said.

Notes: Yankees closer Mariano Rivera said he will throw off a mound for the first time Sunday. ... New York reliever Joba Chamberlain (elbow ligament replacement surgery) was fine one day after his latest half-mound session and remains scheduled to throw for the initial time on a full mound Tuesday. ... RHP Ivan Nova made 25 pitches during his first batting practice session. ... DH Raul Ibanez said he prepared in the offseason to be ready for some outfield work this year.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2012-02-25-Yankees-Rodriguez/id-42173a5a79d745678596a5e86049d49b

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Analysis: Obama yet to make a mark on key U.S. court (Reuters)

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Reuters - Barack Obama is close to becoming the first president in at least half a century to finish a full term without making an appointment to a U.S. appeals court, considered second in importance only to the Supreme Court.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/obama/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20120224/pl_nm/us_court_obama

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Early Childhood Education (ECE) | DENNIS E. CUOMO

Early Childhood Education (ECE)

Economic development and rapid social change have significantly modified family and child-rearing patterns in OECD countries. This review of early childhood education and care (ECEC) in twenty OECD countries describes the social, economic, conceptual and research on early childhood policy.

These include increased participation of women in the labor market, balancing work and family responsibilities more equally to women, the demographic challenges faced by OECD countries, in particular, address issues of access The quality, diversity, child poverty and educational disadvantage. How countries address these issues is influenced by social and economic traditions, their understanding of families and young children, and the accumulated research on the benefits of quality early childhood services.

From Strong II outlines the progress of the countries participating are responsible for key aspects of a successful partnership of educational policies in the previous volume, begins Strong (OECD, 2001).

It offers many examples of new policy initiatives adopted in the field of early childhood. Their conclusion, the authors identify areas TEN criticize the government. The book also presents country profiles that provide an overview of ECEC systems in all 20 participating countries. This book is the importance of many worried about a childs development, balance between work and family and early childhood education and health policy.

Providing quality early childhood education care (ECEC) was firmly on government programs in recent years.

Public awareness of gaps in provision and of insufficient quality in services has moved the issue of childcare and after school on the electoral agendas in many countries. There is a growing recognition that early access to care allows young children, especially low-income groups as a second language, with a good start in life.

Twelve countries participate voluntarily in the first round again in 1998 and 2000. Recognizing the value and quality of the recommendations of the review produced a first report, the OECD Education Committee to approve a second inspection report was attended by eight countries. Both sets of auditors have adopted a broad and comprehensive approach that takes into account such as services, politics, families and communities can support the early development of young children and learning.

One of the immediate factors to translate the government?s attention to issues of early childhood education: they want to increase the female labor force participation, employment and family based on a greater number of women, too, to meet the demographic challenges facing OECD countries (in particular, lower birth rates and aging of the population) and the need to tackle child poverty and educational disadvantage. Because economic prosperity depends on maintaining high employment relationship between population, wants to bring more women into the labor market has played an important state interest in expanding early childhood education services.

European governments, including the family and the policies put in place child care to help couples have children and helping parents balance work and family. Another factor that the government?s interest in ECEC is immigration. Migration makes a significant contribution to economies, but may also raise difficulties on the labor market, social and education.

Early childhood education is the term use to describe the formal teaching and care of?young children by people other than their family. Learning Time website provides early?childhood education for kids.To know more visit http://www.learningtimenow.com/

Source: http://www.denniscuomo.com/86/early-childhood-education-ece

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Aide: GOP leaders weigh scaling back highway bill (AP)

[unable to retrieve full-text content]AP - A Republican congressional aide says GOP leaders are considering significantly reducing the scope of a bill that was supposed to provide a long-term blueprint for federal transportation programs.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/gop/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120223/ap_on_go_co/us_transportation_bill

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Project aims to improve HIV/AIDS prevention materials for African-American women

Public release date: 23-Feb-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Matt Shipman
matt_shipman@ncsu.edu
919-515-6386
North Carolina State University

African-American women make up a disproportionate number of HIV/AIDS cases in the United States. Researchers from North Carolina State University are trying to change that, leading a National Science Foundation project aimed at developing HIV/AIDS prevention materials that resonate with African-American female college students.

African-Americans represent approximately 14 percent of the U.S. population, but accounted for an estimated 44 percent of new HIV infections in 2009. The estimated rate of new HIV infections among African-American women was 15 times that of white women and over three times that of Latina women.

"We want to know how we can improve the language and communication strategies used in HIV/AIDS prevention efforts targeting African-American female college students," says Dr. Fay Cobb Payton, an associate professor of information systems at NC State and primary investigator (PI) of the project. "Our goal is to help craft messages that will be resonant with these young women," says Dr. James Kiwanuka-Tondo, an associate professor of communication at NC State and fellow co-PI of the effort.

The National Science Foundation awarded a two-year grant supporting the project, which is being conducted at NC State and Pennsylvania State University.

"Our previous research found a lack of 'cultural competency' in online prevention materials," Kiwanuka-Tondo says. "Meaning the materials were not culturally relevant to the African-American population in general, and women in particular."

The researchers have already begun conducting focus groups in an effort to define guidelines for prevention content and messaging that is culturally relevant to African-American female students.

"These guidelines will help us develop online content targeting this specific audience," Payton says. The researchers plan to test the newly developed content and messaging with the focus groups at the beginning of the fall semester.

"This is an iterative process," Payton says, "and we will incorporate feedback from the focus groups to fine tune these communication tools."

Meanwhile, co-PI Dr. Lynette Kvasny of Penn State will be leading a similar effort on her campus which should help the research team identify any regional differences among African-American female students.

The NC State research team also includes Kathy Gore of NC State's Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, as well as graduate and undergraduate students several of whom are volunteering their time and effort to work on this important issue.

###

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?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 23-Feb-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Matt Shipman
matt_shipman@ncsu.edu
919-515-6386
North Carolina State University

African-American women make up a disproportionate number of HIV/AIDS cases in the United States. Researchers from North Carolina State University are trying to change that, leading a National Science Foundation project aimed at developing HIV/AIDS prevention materials that resonate with African-American female college students.

African-Americans represent approximately 14 percent of the U.S. population, but accounted for an estimated 44 percent of new HIV infections in 2009. The estimated rate of new HIV infections among African-American women was 15 times that of white women and over three times that of Latina women.

"We want to know how we can improve the language and communication strategies used in HIV/AIDS prevention efforts targeting African-American female college students," says Dr. Fay Cobb Payton, an associate professor of information systems at NC State and primary investigator (PI) of the project. "Our goal is to help craft messages that will be resonant with these young women," says Dr. James Kiwanuka-Tondo, an associate professor of communication at NC State and fellow co-PI of the effort.

The National Science Foundation awarded a two-year grant supporting the project, which is being conducted at NC State and Pennsylvania State University.

"Our previous research found a lack of 'cultural competency' in online prevention materials," Kiwanuka-Tondo says. "Meaning the materials were not culturally relevant to the African-American population in general, and women in particular."

The researchers have already begun conducting focus groups in an effort to define guidelines for prevention content and messaging that is culturally relevant to African-American female students.

"These guidelines will help us develop online content targeting this specific audience," Payton says. The researchers plan to test the newly developed content and messaging with the focus groups at the beginning of the fall semester.

"This is an iterative process," Payton says, "and we will incorporate feedback from the focus groups to fine tune these communication tools."

Meanwhile, co-PI Dr. Lynette Kvasny of Penn State will be leading a similar effort on her campus which should help the research team identify any regional differences among African-American female students.

The NC State research team also includes Kathy Gore of NC State's Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, as well as graduate and undergraduate students several of whom are volunteering their time and effort to work on this important issue.

###

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/ncsu-pat022312.php

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Undergraduate Program International Business Program | hot trends

International Business Program is designed for students interested in a career in an international environment. The program (Undergraduate Program: International Business Program) meets the need for business men and women who are able to work in an international business life and contains general as well as specialized courses, all given in English. You will meet students from different parts of the world during the program (Undergraduate Program: International Business Program) which gives you an excellent basis for understanding other cultures. If you take the chance to go abroad, on a university exchange and/or an international internship, you will have experience from studying and working in an international environment. This provides you with valuable experience when applying for future work.Career opportunities After studying on the International Business Program you will have the competence and qualifications to work with international business related tasks in companies, organizations or in the public sector. The internship program offers you a unique opportunity to work abroad where you will have the chance to practice and develop your skills in marketing, management or finance. The program (Undergraduate Program: International Business Program) gives you eligibility for advanced and post-graduate studies in business administration.Program OutlineAll courses are studied one at a time with an examination at the end of each module. Normally each course module is 5 weeks.
Courses in the first five semesters and part of the sixth semester are obligatory.? Business International Administration A (International Business Environment, marketing, organization and management of the firm, management accounting)
? Statistics (Introduction into statistical quality control and statistical decision theory) and Economic History (about the evolution of economic phenomena in historical perspective)
? Economics (how to manage limited resources)
? Business International administration B (Financial accounting B, entrepreneurial and enterprise and enterprise resource planning systems, Research methodology in Business Administration, foundations of Finance.
? Business Administration C and electives (In this semester, you will study 15 credits at C level where you choose between marketing and finance, and 15 credits (elective courses) in any subject as long as you fulfill the requirements and there are seats available on that course. You are guaranteed a seat on all courses in the following institutions: Business Administration, Economics, statistics, Law and economic history. You may also apply for other courses with in languages, behavioral sciences and informatics. You may also go for exchange studies abroad in this semester.
? Jurisprudential survey course (Introduction to Swedish Law and Basic EU Law) and 15 credits elective courses (students have an opportunity to go for internship abroad ( optional) but which we highly recommend or choose to study 15 credits electives( same conditions as in semester 5)In the seventh semester, you will choose a specialization between the unique courses for each emphasis in Business administration. (Marketing, Management,Business Development and Internationalization).Semester 8: Degree project. The degree project should have the same emphasis as your area of specialization (to be written with another student).
Assistance in oral and written presentation in English will be given parallel with courses in semester 1 and 4.Career OpportunitiesStudents that complete this program use their qualification to work in companies, organizations and authorities with an international emphasis. The program (Undergraduate Program: Business International Program) also prepares the student for an international work environment.

Posted in Uncategorized

Source: http://hottrends.wikiaspace.com/2012/02/22/undergraduate-program-international-business-program/

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Injectable gel could repair tissue damaged by heart attack

ScienceDaily (Feb. 21, 2012) ? University of California, San Diego researchers have developed a new injectable hydrogel that could be an effective and safe treatment for tissue damage caused by heart attacks.

The study by Karen Christman and colleagues appears in the Feb. 21 issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Christman is a professor in the Department of Bioengineering at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering and has co-founded a company, Ventrix, Inc., to bring the gel to clinical trials within the next year.

Therapies like the hydrogel would be a welcome development, Christman explained, since there are an estimated 785,000 new heart attack cases in the United States each year, with no established treatment for repairing the resulting damage to cardiac tissue.

The hydrogel is made from cardiac connective tissue that is stripped of heart muscle cells through a cleansing process, freeze-dried and milled into powder form, and then liquefied into a fluid that can be easily injected into the heart. Once it hits body temperature, the liquid turns into a semi-solid, porous gel that encourages cells to repopulate areas of damaged cardiac tissue and to preserve heart function, according to Christman. The hydrogel forms a scaffold to repair the tissue and possibly provides biochemical signals that prevent further deterioration in the surrounding tissues.

"It helps to promote a positive remodeling-type response, not a pro-inflammatory one in the damaged heart," Christman said.

What's more, the researchers' experiments show that the gel also can be injected through a catheter, a method that is minimally invasive and does not require surgery or general anesthesia.

New, unpublished work by her research team suggests that the gel can improve heart function in pigs with cardiac damage, which brings this potential therapy one step closer to humans, said Christman.

There are few injectable cardiac therapies in development designed to be used in large animals such as pigs, which have a heart that is similar in size and anatomy to the human heart, Christman explained. "Most of the materials that people have looked at have been tested in rats or mice, and they are injectable via a needle and syringe. However, almost all of them are not compatible with catheter delivery and would gel too quickly, clogging the catheter during the procedure.

In experiments with rats, the gel was not rejected by the body and did not trigger arrhythmic heart beating, providing some assurance that the gel will be similarly safe for humans, the researchers note.

Christman has an equity interest in Ventrix, Inc., a company that may potentially benefit from the research results, and also serves on the company's Scientific Advisory Board. The terms of this arrangement have been reviewed and approved by the University of California, San Diego in accordance with its conflict of interest policies.

The study's co-authors include Jennifer Singelyn, Priya Sundaramurthy, Todd Johnson, Pamela Schup-Magoffin, Diane Hu, Denver Faulk, Jean Wang, and Kristine M. Mayle in the Department of Bioengineering; Kendra Bartels, Anthony N. DeMaria, and Nabil Dib of the UC San Diego School of Medicine; and Michael Salvatore and Adam M. Kinsey of Ventrix, Inc. The research was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health Director's New Innovator Award Program (part of the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research), the Wallace H. Coulter Foundation, and the National Science Foundation.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of California, San Diego, via Newswise.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Jennifer M. Singelyn, Priya Sundaramurthy, Todd D. Johnson, Pamela J. Schup-Magoffin, Diane P. Hu, Denver M. Faulk, Jean Wang, Kristine M. Mayle, Kendra Bartels, Michael Salvatore, Adam M. Kinsey, Anthony N. DeMaria, Nabil Dib, and Karen L. Christman. Catheter-Deliverable Hydrogel Derived From Decellularized Ventricular Extracellular Matrix Increases Endogenous Cardiomyocytes and Preserves Cardiac Function Post-Myocardial Infarction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 21, 2012; 59: 751 - 763 DOI: 1016/j.jacc.2011.10.888

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120221165757.htm

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New York Knicks fans in Taiwan? Yes, thanks to Jeremy Lin. (+video)

'Linsanity' about Jeremy Lin has spread to Taiwan, where his parents were born. Fans are watching New York Knicks games live ? at 8 a.m. local time mid week.

At the unlikely hour of 8 a.m. on Wednesday, dozens pack a downtown Taipei bar to bellow cheers as the big screen broadcast a live New York Knicks basketball game.

Skip to next paragraph

They took the morning off to watch Knicks star Jeremy Lin, born in the United States to Taiwanese parents, further his rise to unusual celebrity status in the NBA after a tough career start in the league.

The player?s fame, dubbed ?Linsanity? in the sports media, has spread quickly to Taiwan as he brings a rare splash of sporting limelight to the island of his roots.?His rise, and the sudden affinity in Taiwan for the New York Knicks, is nothing short of sensational, putting him in a league with two other Taiwanese world sporting celebs: Major League Baseball pitcher Wang Chien-ming and No. 1 ranked LPGA golfer Yani Tseng.

?Why is he a hero? It?s because he made the impossible become possible,? says George Hou, mass media lecturer at I-Shou University in Taiwan.

Taiwan raises relatively few sports heroes as students on the newly industrialized island focus more on conventional careers. Taiwan?s political archrival China, with more economic clout and diplomatic support, also asks that world sports bodies limit Taiwan?s profile.

?Even though his parents moved to the United States, we take him as one of our own,? says Michal Lee, deputy secretary general of Taiwan?s Republic of China Basketball Association. ?A lot of people here dream of getting into the NBA, but it?s not easy. You need to work at it. For Asians to be of such tall stature and get in, that?s all pretty rare. So now we?re happy to see that Jeremy Lin has done so well.?

High threshold aside, Mr. Lin?s performance is likely to add points to basketball?s popularity among Taiwanese. Baseball leads other sports in Taiwan, both in the field and on television, but one in four Taiwanese follows basketball, Lee says. That means more than 5 million fans.

Taiwan has a seven-team men?s professional league, while NBA games dominate sports channels in the baseball off-season. The NBA has held marketing events in Taipei to boost the fan base. Men, about two-thirds of those fans, can be found shooting hoops on any Taiwanese school campus with a court.

The 23-year-old, 6-ft. 3-in. point guard helped the Knicks to five straight victories this month. He has averaged more than 20 points per game since starting for the team this month, chalking up 38 in one against the Los Angeles Lakers.

It wasn?t easy to get there. The NBA?s first Taiwanese-American player had joined the team at Harvard University without a scholarship and missed the 2010 draft before signing with the Golden State Warriors. The Warriors kicked Lin down to a minor league team three times before he earned a foothold. He was barely hanging on with the Knicks as well until getting a key chance to play during an otherwise poor game on Feb. 3.

The sports bar crowd got what it was looking for on Wednesday. The center of attention won a close game for his team with a three-point play, putting the Knicks up 90-87 over the Toronto Raptors.

?I think Jeremy Lin is a really good point guard because he can make the team sure of having the basketball and he can pass the ball to some handler who has a great chance to get the point inside,? says Steve Wu, a high school senior who plays the sport for fun. ?I think that whatever, ethnic Chinese or American, he?s a really a good NBA player.?

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/csmonitor/globalnews/~3/GlhXgbNsHXM/New-York-Knicks-fans-in-Taiwan-Yes-thanks-to-Jeremy-Lin.-video

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Retaining Financial records regarding Income Taxes for Businesses ...

Maintaining financial records is among the most burdensome duties related to operating a business. It?s something which lots of people delay. Getting your accounting data when you need it is essential to make decisions as well as keeping your bookkeeping current.

Having said that, maintaining records is essential and needed to finish your income taxes. In case your company gets audited, proper recordkeeping routines can keep you from paying the government a substantial amount of cash. You may have to supply financial data to be allowed to keep all your deductions. Documents can include invoices, financial statements, charge card documents and much more. Failing to supply appropriate verification might cause your tax deductions to become not accepted.

For a business owner, your time and energy are both precious as well as constrained. You must attempt to get the accounting accomplished as efficiently as you can. This can involve having software applications doing most of the redundant work for you. To illustrate, QuickBooks decreases the manual work you must do by reducing unnecessary functions. If you write a check in the accounting software, the charge has already been dispatched to the correct account. It?s important for you to refrain form carrying out redundant tasks.

It?s also wise to refrain from mixing money through any bank account for which you make personal transactions through. This is correct whether or not your company is a corporation. Should you be audited and the Internal Revenue Service representative is aware that numerous private merchandise is purchased using your company bank account, the representative could be more prone to not allow a deduction. Meals along with entertainment are usually fifty percent tax deductible. Nevertheless, it needs to be totally apparent that they are company expenditures. It?s always a good habit to split up private and company purchases.

If you use your vehicle for business use, you do not have to keep track of each expense. Instead, you can track your mileage. You will be able to take a deduction based on the number of miles you drove throughout the tax year.

In addition, records are needed each time you buy or sell an asset. You need to prove what you paid for an asset in addition to what you sold it for. Assets that are capital expenditures require depreciation. That is, the amount of the tax deduction would span over the useful life of that particular asset.

One of the more regularly asked inquiries on keeping records is how long must you keep financial data. At the very least, you ought to maintain documents which are inside the statute of limitations for the Internal Revenue Service. This is basically the later of 3 years after filing or 2 years after paying any income taxes owed. You must maintain copies of your taxes longer. The time limit presumes that you?ve submitted the tax returns and payed off any income taxes which were owed. If the Internal Revenue Service doesn?t have any history of your tax return which was submitted, then there?s no time limit. That being said, it is best to err on the side of being safe when retaining your records.

Eileen E Jacobs is a tax preparer from Las Vegas. Las Vegas accountant

Source: http://finance.redbright.co.za/retaining-financial-records-regarding-income-taxes-for-businesses/

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Latest Pennsylvania Business | WJTV

SANTORUM-ENERGY

Santorum: Global warming is politics, not science

STEUBENVILLE, Ohio (AP) Rick Santorum says President Barack Obama is pushing a radical environmental agenda that unwisely limits energy production and turns its back on science.

Santorum told voters in eastern Ohio yesterday that science is on the side of those who want to aggressively produce more oil and natural gas in America. He says the notion of global warming is not climate science but "political science."

Santorum says Obama and his allies want to frighten people about new oil-exploration technologies so they can get your dollars and turn it over to politicians to win elections "so they can control your lives."

Ohio's GOP primary is March 6th.

COMMERCE FINE-NCO

Minn. agency fines Pa. firm for hiring felons

(Information in the following story is from: St. Paul Pioneer Press, http://www.twincities.com)

MINNEAPOLIS (AP) Minnesota's Department of Commerce has fined a Pennsylvania-based debt-collection firm $250,000 for offenses including hiring convicted felons.

Commerce Commissioner Mike Rothman alleged that NCO Financial Systems Incorporated failed to adequately screen debt-collector applicants. He says the company also hired people with felony convictions and failed to notify the state when collectors were fired for breaking state laws.

He says turning convicted felons loose on vulnerable Minnesota consumers is a "dangerous recipe for fraud and financial abuse."

A St. Paul Pioneer Press report says a consent order in the case hs been signed.

NCO says it's complied with the consent order by making a number of changes, including revamping its employee-screening process.

NCO is based in Horsham, Pennsylvania. It owns and operates 49 debt-collection agencies across the U.S.

SCHOOLS-AFFILIATION TALKS

2 NE Pa. schools talking about affiliation

(Information in the following story is from: The Times-Tribune, http://thetimes-tribune.com/ )

SCRANTON, Pa. (AP) The University of Scranton and Commonwealth Medical College say they are talking about a "possible" affiliation.

The (Scranton) Times-Tribune says the two schools signed an agreement yesterday to continue talks through next month.

They say they will engage in a wider discussion about "complex questions and issues" surrounding a possible affiliation.

SUBURBAN BILLBOARDS

Billboards rejected in 2 suburban Philly areas

HAVERFORD, Pa. (AP) Officials in two suburban Philadelphia communities have rejected an investment group's proposal to put up billboards.

The Haverford Township zoning board has voted unanimously to dismiss a challenge in a three-year-old billboard case and rejected Bartkowski Investment Group's application to install 672-square-foot billboards at five locations.

The firm says the township's billboard ban is unconstitutional, but officials say many other types of off-premise outdoor advertising signs are allowed, such as signs on bus shelters and shopping carts.

Company head Thaddeus Bartkowski III tells the Delaware County Daily Times he isn't surprised and plans to appeal "as long as the sky is blue and gravity exists."

Meanwhile, The Philadelphia Inquirer says Phoenixville zoning officials have rejected Bartkowski's proposal for three electronic billboards there.

LEVEES-CASEY

Casey calls on Army Corps to speed levee analysis

FORTY FORT, Pa. (AP) Sen. Bob Casey wants the Army Corps of Engineers to pick up the pace of its analysis of damage to the levees protecting river communities in northeastern Pennsylvania.

Casey says delays in assessments for the Susquehanna River levees in and around Wilkes-Barre are holding up funding that would repair damage from September's record flooding.

At a news conference yesterday in Forty Fort, Casey said the massive flooding is still an "open wound" for families that live along the river. Several feet of water inundated some communities unprotected by levees after the remnants of Tropical Storm Lee moved through the region.

An inspection by county engineers found problems including cracked flood walls, blown gaskets and malfunctioning floodgates.

The storm generated record flooding along the Susquehanna, topping marks stretching back a century.

Source: http://www2.wjtv.com/news/2012/feb/21/latest-pennsylvania-business-ar-301833/

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Re-painting Trim - Possible Oil Or Latex - Painting - DIY Chatroom ...

Today, 02:00 AM	? #1
Newbie ? Join Date: Feb 2012 Posts: 3	I know this question is asked a lot but i thought I would add my delema. I purchased a home (25 years old) recently with painted trim and doors. From what I can tell the trim throughout the house was originally stained and polyurethaned. The previous owners painted over the trim with many shades of white throughout the house. They did a very sloppy job leaving brush strokes and runs and now there is a lot of chipped paint and dings. From the paint cans in the basement it looks like they used alkyd benjamin moore impervo and waterborne impervo and possibly other BM regal paints. I haved sanded smooth many of the rooms and I would like to update all of the trim paint throughout the house. I really want a smooth (brush free) paint job. I have read many reviews about BM impervo vs SW proclassic and oil vs waterborne. I would like to know what would be a good primer for this application, where I have unknown preexisting paint types and I want a smooth leveling. I was thinking about a oil based primer like killz, bm fresh start (not sure which one), or BIN shellac. The local paint store suggested STIX, but I can't find much about it. I was thinking about using 100% acrylic BM waterborne impervo. I really want the durability of alkyd paint without the yellowing( white paint) and messy clean up. Any suggestions on what I should do? Thank you
?

Warning: The topics covered on this site include activities in which there exists the potential for serious injury or death. DIYChatroom.com DOES NOT guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information contained on this site. Always use proper safety precaution and reference reliable outside sources before attempting any home improvement task!

Today, 06:25 AM	? #2
paper hanger and painter ? Join Date: Dec 2007 Location: Hagerstown MD Posts: 3,313	I would stick with the Fresh Start acrylic
?

Today, 09:40 AM	? #3
Clown Free, At Last ? Join Date: Jan 2011 Location: Cape May, NJ Posts: 1,511	Welcome Jwith. I've seen many instances over the years where ho's have failing paint over stained/clear coated trim due to a lack of proper prep and primer. I'm sure the sanding was fun. I would like to kind of temper your expectations regarding brush marks. If you want zero indication of brush application, you'll have to spray. You can sand the sheet out of the paint and the clear coat to reduce the existing brush marks, and with the proper finish and technique, you can minimize them but they won't be brush mark free. I hate to be a nay-sayer, but expectations have to be managed. After two decades it's still something I struggle with. I would tend to disagree with my esteemed fellow Chrisn. While easier to work with, an acrylic primer sacrifices flow and leveling, two important charactersitics if you want a brush free look. Bm Fresh Start 024 oil will give you good adhesion and should level well enough, but that depends partly on your skill level. BIN shellac would also do much to hide the existing brush marks, give you great adhesion, and be an excellent base for your finish, but that's a difficult product to work with without experience working with it. Drop the thought of Kilz. Waterborne finishes have, as Brushjockey says, a learning curve. They also set up fast. The faster they set, the less they'll level. With the proper thinning and brush technique you can achieve a nice look with the waterborne Impervo, but not completely brush free look. The best finish (at least with BM, which is my go to product) is the oil Impervo to hope to get the look you want. Again, that will require the proper thinning and brush technique to minimize brush marks. Regardless of which products you choose, I would plan to start with the least visible trim areas first to get a feel for what the product and you can achieve, in other words, don't practice on the front door. Good Luck. Joe
?

Today, 10:47 AM	? #4
Newbie ? Join Date: Feb 2012 Posts: 3	Thanks jsharidan. I'm not too concerned about being brush mark free, but the previous job had very heavy and think brush strokes, especially on the doors. My only concern with the oil impero is yellowing. The house is painted now with super white and we are planing to paint cloud white. Do you have any expereince with this product yellowing with white colors? Thanks for your help.
?

Today, 11:11 AM	? #5
Clown Free, At Last ? Join Date: Jan 2011 Location: Cape May, NJ Posts: 1,511	Jwith, I've applied more than countable gallons of Impervo and honestly without the least concern that it might yellow over time. And I can't recollect a customer express their concern about such. Will it? Yes, gradually, over time. It's probably not something you will even realize until you repaint and notice it. We put wall colors on with the express understanding they will fade, but we don't notice it until we remove a picture that's been hanging for years. I would worry more about your wants and needs in the moment than something that will occur in the longer term, but that's me. If it was something that could fail, today is important, but yellowing is not failure. As with everything else in life, there are trade-offs to paint. If you have an educated, thoughtful choice, you have enough to make a decision you can live with. In the extreme, I have a doctor customer of mine who had to make a decision on whether to take a thirty-five year or fifty year lifespan on a roofing product (the numbers used aren't exact, but illustrate). He queried a doctor friend of his about what he would do. His friend said "Bill, you're seventy-three years old, you're not going to live to see either, what difference does it make. Pick what you like for today". And so he did. The doctor, a brilliant ENT surgeon, was stymied by such simple logic.
?

Today, 11:42 AM	? #6
Newbie ? Join Date: Feb 2012 Posts: 3	I like the idea of using BIN shellac as my base and possibly oil or waterborne Impervo. This is the process/prep work I was planning on doing: 1. sand down runs, large paint brush marks with 100 grit paper 2. smooth out surface with 220 grit paper 3. MH Ready Patch Spackle - few holes 4. sand smooth again with 220 grit 5. wash and rinse with TSP 6. apply bin shellac 7. possibly apply 2nd coat of bin shellac 8. lightly sand with 220 grit if not smooth enough 9. apply either waterborne or oil based Impervo 10. sand smoothly 220 grit 11. apply final top coat Is there any specific technique for applying BIN? I have used it to cover spots, but never applied it to the entire surface. Is there a special type of brush I should use with BIN? Nylon or White China Bristle? I was thinking about spraying BIN on the doors with HVLP. Would this give me much benefit over a paint brush? If I go with the waterborne BM Impervo is there any special technique to apply it? Thanks,
?

Today, 06:26 PM	? #7
paper hanger and painter ? Join Date: Dec 2007 Location: Hagerstown MD Posts: 3,313	Quote: Welcome Jwith. I've seen many instances over the years where ho's have failing paint over stained/clear coated trim due to a lack of proper prep and primer. I'm sure the sanding was fun. I would like to kind of temper your expectations regarding brush marks. If you want zero indication of brush application, you'll have to spray. You can sand the sheet out of the paint and the clear coat to reduce the existing brush marks, and with the proper finish and technique, you can minimize them but they won't be brush mark free. I hate to be a nay-sayer, but expectations have to be managed. After two decades it's still something I struggle with. I would tend to disagree with my esteemed fellow Chrisn. While easier to work with, an acrylic primer sacrifices flow and leveling, two important charactersitics if you want a brush free look. Bm Fresh Start 024 oil will give you good adhesion and should level well enough, but that depends partly on your skill level. BIN shellac would also do much to hide the existing brush marks, give you great adhesion, and be an excellent base for your finish, but that's a difficult product to work with without experience working with it. Drop the thought of Kilz. Waterborne finishes have, as Brushjockey says, a learning curve. They also set up fast. The faster they set, the less they'll level. With the proper thinning and brush technique you can achieve a nice look with the waterborne Impervo, but not completely brush free look. The best finish (at least with BM, which is my go to product) is the oil Impervo to hope to get the look you want. Again, that will require the proper thinning and brush technique to minimize brush marks. Regardless of which products you choose, I would plan to start with the least visible trim areas first to get a feel for what the product and you can achieve, in other words, don't practice on the front door. Good Luck. Joe You disagree but provide no answer?. This person is looking for the impossible, I would still go with the FS, just because it is easier than the alternatives
?

Source: http://www.diychatroom.com/f4/re-painting-trim-possible-oil-latex-134203/

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Bill Maher's Strange Rants About Mrs. Santorum and the Death of Barack Obama (ContributorNetwork)

[unable to retrieve full-text content]ContributorNetwork - COMMENTARY | Bill Maher, the master of liberal outrage, did not disappoint on the most recent episode of HBO's "Real Time," which increasingly seems like something out of George Orwell. But instead of the "Three Minute Hate," the show is "The One Hour Hate."

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/obama/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ac/20120219/us_ac/10985168_bill_mahers_strange_rants_about_mrs_santorum_and_the_death_of_barack_obama

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Romney faces questions about intensity of support (AP)

[unable to retrieve full-text content]

AP - If Mitt Romney wins the Republican nomination for president, he'll face the urgent task of inspiring the party's conservative core and rallying them to beat President Barack Obama.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/politics/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120219/ap_on_el_pr/us_romney_intensity

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Colombia Coffee - Decaffeinated Coffee - Link Directory - Web ...

44 Views	Coffee - Coffee Blends - Decaffeinated Coffee - Coffee beans, coffee luxury www.e-cafetier.fr is a site specialized in selling coffee roasted in a traditional manner. Here you will find few cafes still unknown to the general public. Fair Trade Coffee.
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